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Leviathan and the Air-Pump examines the conflicts over the value and propriety of experimental methods between two major seventeenth-century thinkers: Thomas Hobbes, author of the political treatise Leviathan and vehement critic of systematic experimentation in natural philosophy, and Robert Boyle, mechanical philosopher and owner of the newly invented air-pump. The issues at stake in their disputes ranged from the physical integrity of the air-pump to the intellectual integrity of the knowledge it might yield. Both Boyle and Hobbes were looking for ways of establishing knowledge that did not decay into ad hominem attacks and political division. Boyle proposed the experiment as cure. He argued that facts should be manufactured by machines like the air-pump so that gentlemen could witness the experiments and produce knowledge that everyone agreed on. Hobbes, by contrast, looked for natural law and viewed experiments as the artificial, unreliable products of an exclusive guild. The new approaches taken in Leviathan and the Air-Pump have been enormously influential on historical studies of science. Shapin and Schaffer found a moment of scientific revolution and showed how key scientific givens--facts, interpretations, experiment, truth--were fundamental to a new political order. Shapin and Schaffer were also innovative in their ethnographic approach. Attempting to understand the work habits, rituals, and social structures of a remote, unfamiliar group, they argued that politics were tied up in what scientists did, rather than what they said. Steven Shapin and Simon Schaffer use the confrontation between Hobbes and Boyle as a way of understanding what was at stake in the early history of scientific experimentation. They describe the protagonists' divergent views of natural knowledge, and situate the Hobbes-Boyle disputes within contemporary debates over the role of intellectuals in public life and the problems of social order and assent in Restoration England. In a new introduction, the authors describe how science and its social context were understood when this book was first published, and how the study of the history of science has changed since then. Scientific community - Wikipedia The scientific community is a diverse network of interacting scientists. It includes many "sub-communities" working on particular scientific fields and within ... Ethnoepistemology Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy Ethnoepistemology. As a species of naturalized epistemology ethnoepistemology treats all human epistemological activities as fully natural phenomena to be described ... Postmodernism RationalWiki Defining postmodernism is difficult but the term generally refers to a set of methods used by those who identify as postmodern. The work of various French ... The Social Dimensions of Scientific Knowledge (Stanford ... Study of the social dimensions of scientific knowledge encompasses the effects of scientific research on human life and social relations the effects of social ... Tecnica e tecnologia in "Enciclopedia delle scienze sociali" Tecnica e tecnologia . sommario: 1. Definizione del concetto e prospettive teoriche. 2. Lo sviluppo della tecnica. 3. Le forze propulsive dello sviluppo tecnologico. Robert Boyle - Wikipedia Biography Early years. Boyle was born in Lismore Castle in County Waterford Ireland the seventh son and fourteenth child of Richard Boyle 1st Earl of Cork and ... Sicle des Lumires Wikipdia La France possde de nombreux philosophes et crivains des Lumires notamment Montesquieu Voltaire Diderot Beaumarchais et D'Alembert. L'poque des Lumires ... Pastors Robes Pulpit Robes Pulpit Robe Clergy Robes ... Pulpit Robes Ministers Robes Cassocks Robes Of All Kind. Choir Robes Too Custom Made Sold All To Fit You. U.E. Clergy Robes Cassocks Robes Choir Gowns Choir ... The Beautiful Truth - Top Documentary Films Here's the beautiful truth: "Independent anecdotal evidence suggests that the Gerson Therapy is not effective against cancer. When a group of 13 patients sickened by ... Robert Boyle In Our Time - BBC Radio 4 Melvyn Bragg and his guests discuss the life and work of Robert Boyle a pioneering scientist and a founder member of the Royal Society. Born in Ireland in ...
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